Evaluation of the Agricultural Efficiency of Different Combinations of Poultry Manure and NPK Cabbage Yield (Brassica oleracea, var. Acephala) in Maputo: A Contribution to Sustainable Land Use
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2023-09
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As recommended by the United Nations, member countries must make efforts to ensure an acceptable quality of life for their populations, developing actions that make it possible to achieve the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Seeking to respond to this call, the present research was developed as a relevant strategy for the pursuance of these objectives, highlighting: SDG15 (Protect Life on Earth), SDG12 (Sustainable Production and Consumption), SDG13 (Climate Action), SDG2 (Eradicate Hunger) and SDG1 (Eradicate poverty) . The main aim of the study is to evaluate the agricultural effectiveness of poultry management (organic) and its mixtures with mineral fertilizer (NPK) in different proportions in the growth of the cabbage crop in Baixa de Infulene in Maputo, as a contribution to the sustainable and safe use of land. Baixa de Infulene is characterized by being the largest and most relevant green belt in Maputo City; where different vegetables are produced that supply most of the markets in the city and province of the same name. The research problem is based on three main aspects: i . excessive and uncontrolled use of chemical/mineral fertilizers, without prior knowledge of the real soil nutrient demand, making them dependent and contaminated, ii. proliferation of poultry handle in areas where poultry is cultivated in the city and province of Maputo without adequate destination and treatment, which contributes to the contamination of soil, surface water and springs, iii. Existence of cases of food poisoning among consumers of vegetables produced in this area. Starting from two premises: H 0: mixtures of poultry manure with NPK do not influence the development of Cabbage and H 1: mixtures of poultry manure with NPK influence the development of Cabbage, field observation, semi-structured interview and experimentation were defined as a methodology for carrying out the research. The study parameters were defined as growth time, leaf blade size, plant weight, plant height, number of commercial leaves, leaf appearance and degree of attachment to the soil, measured over 45 days. Six (06) soil fertilization treatments (T) were carried out, namely: (T 1) with application of only 100g NPK per plot, (T2) only poultry manure in the proportion of 7Kg/plot, (T3) 3.5 Kg poultry manure and 50g NPK, (T4) 25g NPK and 5Kg poultry handling, (T5) 75g NPK and 1.5 Kg chicken handling and the control treatment T0 where no fertilization regimen was applied. The results of the interview showed that all of them use mineral fertilizer, NPK and none of them has ever tried mixing it with organic waste (poultry manure). Regarding the experimentation, the results show that, in the production of Kale, fertilization provides satisfactory yields in terms of weight, height and number of leaves per plant. For the fresh weight variable, higher cabbage yields (1.1Kg/Plant) were obtained in the treatment (T3 - 50 grams of NPK and 3.5Kg of poultry handling per plot). Treatment T4 showed the lowest value of fresh weight (0.4Kg/Plant). With regard to plant height, the best result was also obtained in the treatment (T3 - 50 grams of NPK and 3.5Kg of poultry handling per plot). On the other hand, the non-fertilized area showed lower values for these parameters. Regarding the number of leaves/plant, higher yields were obtained in the treatment (T1 - 100g/plot) with an average of 14.1 leaves/plant. The other fertilization models did not show a significant effect on the number of leaves/plants, given that the control treatment T0 presents an average (12.2) of leaves/plant, being higher than the other treatments. Based on these results, it is concluded that fertilization based on mixtures of NPK and poultry manure positively influences the development and appearance of cabbage. Thus, farmers are recommended to use these mixtures with greater emphasis for T3, contributing to the reduction of financial waste and improving the quality of the Cabbage produced, as well as the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, which will guarantee a sustainable and safe use of the soil in that plot.
Palavras-chave
Organic fertilization, clean production, agricultural waste recovery, sustainable land use